Discretize Numeric Variables — discretize • recipes

discretize() converts a numeric vector into a factor with bins having approximately the same number of data points (based on a training set).

Usage

discretize(x, ...)

# Default S3 method
discretize(x, ...)

# S3 method for class 'numeric'
discretize(
  x,
  cuts = 4,
  labels = NULL,
  prefix = "bin",
  keep_na = TRUE,
  infs = TRUE,
  min_unique = 10,
  ...
)

# S3 method for class 'discretize'
predict(object, new_data, ...)

Arguments

x: A numeric vector
...: Options to pass to stats::quantile() that should not include x or probs.
cuts: An integer defining how many cuts to make of the data.
labels: A character vector defining the factor levels that will be in the new factor (from smallest to largest). This should have length cuts+1 and should not include a level for missing (see keep_na below).
prefix: A single parameter value to be used as a prefix for the factor levels (e.g. bin1, bin2, ...). If the string is not a valid R name, it is coerced to one. If prefix = NULL then the factor levels will be labelled according to the output of cut().
keep_na: A logical for whether a factor level should be created to identify missing values in x. If keep_na is set to TRUE then na.rm = TRUE is used when calling stats::quantile().
infs: A logical indicating whether the smallest and largest cut point should be infinite.
min_unique: An integer defining a sample size line of dignity for the binning. If (the number of unique values)/(cuts+1) is less than min_unique, no discretization takes place.
object: An object of class discretize.
new_data: A new numeric object to be binned.

Value

discretize returns an object of class discretize and predict.discretize() returns a factor vector.

Details

discretize() estimates the cut points from x using percentiles. For example, if cuts = 3, the function estimates the quartiles of x and uses these as the cut points. If cuts = 2, the bins are defined as being above or below the median of x.

The predict() method can then be used to turn numeric vectors into factor vectors.

If keep_na = TRUE, a suffix of "_missing" is used as a factor level (see the examples below).

If infs = FALSE and a new value is greater than the largest value of x, a missing value will result.

Examples

data(biomass, package = "modeldata")

biomass_tr <- biomass[biomass$dataset == "Training", ]
biomass_te <- biomass[biomass$dataset == "Testing", ]

median(biomass_tr$carbon)
#> [1] 47.1
discretize(biomass_tr$carbon, cuts = 2)
#> Bins: 3 (includes missing category)
#> Breaks: -Inf, 47.1, Inf
discretize(biomass_tr$carbon, cuts = 2, infs = FALSE)
#> Bins: 3 (includes missing category)
#> Breaks: 14.61, 47.1, 97.18
discretize(biomass_tr$carbon, cuts = 2, infs = FALSE, keep_na = FALSE)
#> Bins: 2
#> Breaks: 14.61, 47.1, 97.18
discretize(biomass_tr$carbon, cuts = 2, prefix = "maybe a bad idea to bin")
#> Warning: The prefix "maybe a bad idea to bin" is not a valid R name. It has
#> been changed to "maybe.a.bad.idea.to.bin".
#> Bins: 3 (includes missing category)
#> Breaks: -Inf, 47.1, Inf

carbon_binned <- discretize(biomass_tr$carbon)
table(predict(carbon_binned, biomass_tr$carbon))
#> 
#> bin1 bin2 bin3 bin4 
#>  114  115  113  114 

carbon_no_infs <- discretize(biomass_tr$carbon, infs = FALSE)
predict(carbon_no_infs, c(50, 100))
#> [1] bin4 <NA>
#> Levels: bin1 bin2 bin3 bin4