Distance between two locations

step_geodist creates a specification of a recipe step that will calculate the distance between points on a map to a reference location.

step_geodist(
  recipe,
  lat = NULL,
  lon = NULL,
  role = "predictor",
  trained = FALSE,
  ref_lat = NULL,
  ref_lon = NULL,
  is_lat_lon = TRUE,
  log = FALSE,
  name = "geo_dist",
  columns = NULL,
  skip = FALSE,
  id = rand_id("geodist")
)

Arguments

recipe	A recipe object. The step will be added to the sequence of operations for this recipe.
lon, lat	Selector functions to choose which variables are used by the step. See selections() for more details.
role	For model terms created by this step, what analysis role should they be assigned? By default, the new columns created by this step from the original variables will be used as predictors in a model.
trained	A logical to indicate if the quantities for preprocessing have been estimated.
ref_lon, ref_lat	Single numeric values for the location of the reference point.
is_lat_lon	A logical: Are coordinates in latitude and longitude? If TRUE the Haversine formula is used and the returned result is meters. If FALSE the Pythagorean formula is used. Default is TRUE and for recipes created from previous versions of recipes, a value of FALSE is used.
log	A logical: should the distance be transformed by the natural log function?
name	A single character value to use for the new predictor column. If a column exists with this name, an error is issued.
columns	A character string of variable names that will be populated (eventually) by the terms argument.
skip	A logical. Should the step be skipped when the recipe is baked by bake.recipe()? While all operations are baked when prep.recipe() is run, some operations may not be able to be conducted on new data (e.g. processing the outcome variable(s)). Care should be taken when using skip = TRUE as it may affect the computations for subsequent operations.
id	A character string that is unique to this step to identify it.

Value

An updated version of recipe with the new step added to the sequence of any existing operations.

Details

When you tidy() this step, a tibble with columns echoing the values of lat, lon, ref_lat, ref_lon, is_lat_lon, name, and id is returned.

step_geodist uses the Pythagorean theorem to calculate Euclidean distances if is_lat_lon is FALSE. If is_lat_lon is TRUE, the Haversine formula is used to calculate the great-circle distance in meters.

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haversine_formula

See also

Other multivariate transformation steps: step_classdist(), step_depth(), step_ica(), step_isomap(), step_kpca_poly(), step_kpca_rbf(), step_kpca(), step_mutate_at(), step_nnmf(), step_pca(), step_pls(), step_ratio(), step_spatialsign()

Examples

library(modeldata)
data(Smithsonian)

# How close are the museums to Union Station?
near_station <- recipe( ~ ., data = Smithsonian) %>%
  update_role(name, new_role = "location") %>%
  step_geodist(lat = latitude, lon = longitude, log = FALSE,
               ref_lat = 38.8986312, ref_lon = -77.0062457,
               is_lat_lon = TRUE) %>%
  prep(training = Smithsonian)

bake(near_station, new_data = NULL) %>%
  arrange(geo_dist)
#> # A tibble: 20 × 4
#>    name                                              latitude longitude geo_dist
#>    <fct>                                                <dbl>     <dbl>    <dbl>
#>  1 National Postal Museum                                38.9     -77.0     367.
#>  2 Renwick Gallery                                       38.9     -77.0     932.
#>  3 National Museum of the American Indian                38.9     -77.0    1571.
#>  4 Smithsonian American Art Museum                       38.9     -77.0    1636.
#>  5 National Portrait Gallery                             38.9     -77.0    1646.
#>  6 National Air and Space Museum                         38.9     -77.0    1796.
#>  7 Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden                 38.9     -77.0    2008.
#>  8 National Museum of Natural History                    38.9     -77.0    2073.
#>  9 Arthur M. Sackler Gallery                             38.9     -77.0    2108.
#> 10 Arts and Industries Building                          38.9     -77.0    2124.
#> 11 Smithsonian Institution Building                      38.9     -77.0    2193.
#> 12 National Museum of African Art                        38.9     -77.0    2202.
#> 13 Freer Gallery of Art                                  38.9     -77.0    2266.
#> 14 National Museum of American History                   38.9     -77.0    2393.
#> 15 National Museum of African American History and …     38.9     -77.0    2611.
#> 16 National Zoological Park                              38.9     -77.1    5246.
#> 17 Anacostia Community Museum                            38.9     -77.0    5332.
#> 18 Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center                           38.9     -77.4   38111.
#> 19 George Gustav Heye Center                             40.7     -74.0  324871.
#> 20 Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum              40.8     -74.0  334041.

tidy(near_station, number = 1)
#> # A tibble: 1 × 7
#>   latitude longitude ref_latitude ref_longitude is_lat_lon name     id          
#>   <chr>    <chr>            <dbl>         <dbl> <lgl>      <chr>    <chr>       
#> 1 latitude longitude         38.9         -77.0 TRUE       geo_dist geodist_z73…