step_bs() creates a specification of a recipe step that will create new
columns that are basis expansions of variables using B-splines.
Arguments
- recipe
A recipe object. The step will be added to the sequence of operations for this recipe.
- ...
One or more selector functions to choose variables for this step. See
selections()for more details.- role
For model terms created by this step, what analysis role should they be assigned? By default, the new columns created by this step from the original variables will be used as predictors in a model.
- trained
A logical to indicate if the quantities for preprocessing have been estimated.
- deg_free
The degrees of freedom for the spline. As the degrees of freedom for a spline increase, more flexible and complex curves can be generated. When a single degree of freedom is used, the result is a rescaled version of the original data.
- degree
Degree of polynomial spline (integer).
- objects
A list of
splines::bs()objects created once the step has been trained.- options
A list of options for
splines::bs()which should not includex,degree, ordf.- keep_original_cols
A logical to keep the original variables in the output. Defaults to
FALSE.- skip
A logical. Should the step be skipped when the recipe is baked by
bake()? While all operations are baked whenprep()is run, some operations may not be able to be conducted on new data (e.g. processing the outcome variable(s)). Care should be taken when usingskip = TRUEas it may affect the computations for subsequent operations.- id
A character string that is unique to this step to identify it.
Value
An updated version of recipe with the new step added to the
sequence of any existing operations.
Details
step_bs() can create new features from a single variable that enable
fitting routines to model this variable in a nonlinear manner. The extent of
the possible nonlinearity is determined by the df, degree, or knots
arguments of splines::bs(). The original variables are removed from the
data and new columns are added. The naming convention for the new variables
is varname_bs_1 and so on.
Tidying
When you tidy() this step, a tibble is returned with
columns terms and id:
- terms
character, the selectors or variables selected
- id
character, id of this step
Tuning Parameters
This step has 2 tuning parameters:
deg_free: Spline Degrees of Freedom (type: integer, default: NULL)degree: Polynomial Degree (type: integer, default: 3)
See also
Other individual transformation steps:
step_BoxCox(),
step_YeoJohnson(),
step_harmonic(),
step_hyperbolic(),
step_inverse(),
step_invlogit(),
step_log(),
step_logit(),
step_mutate(),
step_ns(),
step_percentile(),
step_poly(),
step_relu(),
step_sqrt()
Examples
data(biomass, package = "modeldata")
biomass_tr <- biomass[biomass$dataset == "Training", ]
biomass_te <- biomass[biomass$dataset == "Testing", ]
rec <- recipe(
HHV ~ carbon + hydrogen + oxygen + nitrogen + sulfur,
data = biomass_tr
)
with_splines <- rec |>
step_bs(carbon, hydrogen)
with_splines <- prep(with_splines, training = biomass_tr)
expanded <- bake(with_splines, biomass_te)
expanded
#> # A tibble: 80 × 10
#> oxygen nitrogen sulfur HHV carbon_bs_1 carbon_bs_2 carbon_bs_3
#> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 47.2 0.3 0.22 18.3 0.437 0.273 0.0568
#> 2 48.1 2.85 0.34 17.6 0.444 0.236 0.0417
#> 3 49.1 2.4 0.3 17.2 0.444 0.229 0.0394
#> 4 37.3 1.8 0.5 18.9 0.437 0.273 0.0571
#> 5 42.8 0.2 0 20.5 0.427 0.301 0.0707
#> 6 41.7 0.7 0.2 18.5 0.442 0.248 0.0465
#> 7 54.1 1.19 0.51 15.1 0.440 0.184 0.0256
#> 8 33.8 0.95 0.2 16.2 0.444 0.222 0.0369
#> 9 31.1 0.14 4.9 11.1 0.359 0.0771 0.00552
#> 10 23.7 4.63 1.05 10.8 0.338 0.0643 0.00408
#> # ℹ 70 more rows
#> # ℹ 3 more variables: hydrogen_bs_1 <dbl>, hydrogen_bs_2 <dbl>,
#> # hydrogen_bs_3 <dbl>